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When muscles contract, the length of the sarcomere (distance between the Z-lines*) shortens. ATP is required for the process of cross-bridge cycling which enables the sarcomere to sho...

Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It continues un...

Contraction occurs when an impulse from a motor neurone reaches the synapse at the junction with the muscle, the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). 

At the pre...

Both aldosterone and cortisol are produced in the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland (which are situated above the kidneys on either side of the body). 

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoi...

Kuppfer cells are a specialised type of macrophage. They travel within the sinusoids of the liver and breakdown and recycle old red blood cells. 

Red blood cells contain heamoglobin, and ...