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A mutation is a change in the genetic composition of the DNA. It is often caused by an accidental insertion, deletion or swapping of a single base however whole genes can also move.

SNPs,...

Intercostal muscles and the diapragm contract, which causes the ribs to move upwards and outwards. This increases the volume of the thorax, therefore lowering the pressure within the lungs. The pressur...

The myelin sheath is a layer of insulating, fatty material that encases some neurones. The sheath is composed of Schwann cells that have gaps called nodes of Ranvier between them. Potassium and sodium ...

There are four methods of enzyme immobilisation: adsorption, covalent bonding, entrapment and membrane separation.

Adsorption involves mixing the enyzme with an immobilsing support so the...

Semi-conservative replication means that during DNA replication, the two strands of nucleotides separate. Both strands then form the template for free nucleotides to bind to to create the two identical...