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Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system to fails to identify a group of cells in the pancreas called the beta islet of Langerhans cells as 'self' cells. This means that they are recognised as 'fo...

A mutation is a change in the base sequence of DNA. A mutation can be caused by a mistake during replication of DNA or by mutagenic agents. Mutagenic agents include chemicals that can act as bases or r...

Transcription is the process of making DNA into mRNA. DNA first has to be transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), this mRNA can then be translated into a protein (amino acids). DNA Polymerase (an enzyme...

DNA is made up of two long chain backbones, bound together and forming a double helix shape. These backbones are made up of repeating units, each of which have the following structure:

A ...

If both parents are heterozygous (xX) and the blue allele (x) is recessive to the dominant brown allele (X), the offpring has a 1/4 chance of getting homozygous recessive alleles (xx).

If...