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1. Light energy from the Sun excites electrons in chlorophyll and the excited electrons are emitted.2. The chlorophyll molecule is now positively charged and chemically less stable. The lost electrons ...

Mark-release-recapture is a technique used to estimate the size of a population of a particular species. The steps involved are:1. Capture and count animals.2. Mark them in a way which is not toxic/harmfu...

Epistasis occurrs when one allele of a gene masks the expression of alleles of another gene.

When there is no epistasis a dihybrid cross (two characteristics) of two heterozyg...

There are several factors affecting the rate and speed of an action potential:

1. Myelin sheath - This covers some of the nodes and acts as an electrical insulator where the a...

As the action potenial reaches the synaptic terminal depolarisation causes voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels to open. The opening of these ion channels causes an influx of Ca²⁺ ions be...