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There are several factors affecting the rate and speed of an action potential:

1. Myelin sheath - This covers some of the nodes and acts as an electrical insulator where the a...

As the action potenial reaches the synaptic terminal depolarisation causes voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels to open. The opening of these ion channels causes an influx of Ca²⁺ ions be...

Cell wall:

Only present in plant cells, it provides structure and is completely permeable to biological molecules.

Cell membrane:

Much thinner than cell wall and is p...

Dominant alleles need the presence of only one copy to ach...

Mitochondria are a fascinating organelle, which we, as humans, rely on for so much. They are where the electron transport chain occurs, where ADP is conv...