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Mark-release-recapture is a technique used to estimate the size of a population of a particular species. The steps involved are:1. Capture and count animals.2. Mark them in a way which is not toxic/harmfu...

Epistasis occurrs when one allele of a gene masks the expression of alleles of another gene.

When there is no epistasis a dihybrid cross (two characteristics) of two heterozyg...

There are several factors affecting the rate and speed of an action potential:

1. Myelin sheath - This covers some of the nodes and acts as an electrical insulator where the a...

As the action potenial reaches the synaptic terminal depolarisation causes voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels to open. The opening of these ion channels causes an influx of Ca²⁺ ions be...

Cell wall:

Only present in plant cells, it provides structure and is completely permeable to biological molecules.

Cell membrane:

Much thinner than cell wall and is p...