Search over 10,000 free study notes

A buffer solution is a solution which resists changes in pH when small quantities of acid or alkali are added to it. An example of a biological buffer system would be the bicarbonate buffer system (regula...

The initial [-OH] is 0.250M since NaOH releases 1 mole of -OH per mole of base. Using Kw=[H+][-OH], [H+]=(110^-14)/0.250=410^-14M (note remember units). Hence the initial pH=-...

H₂SO₄ ---> 2H⁺ + SO₄^{2-                                                                                                                                  ...}

Mass of the isotope/atom compared to 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon 12 (12C)

At first this question can seem confusing, but by breaking it down we can better understand what we are being asked to do. Firstly, we need to recall le Chatelier's principle - that an equalibrium will sh...