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1st step: SOCl₂ or PCl₃ to form an acyl chloride, which is now significanlty more electrophilic based on leaving gorup abiliity, hence an amine can now attack the acyl chloride to fo...

The theoretical Born Haber enthalpy assumes a perfect ionic model where the attraction between the ions is purely electrostatic and the ions are purely spherical. The Born Haber lattice enthalpy is the re...

Although benzene is often drawn with alternating single and double bonds (Kekule structure), this is not representative of what is actually going on. Refer back to the structure of a C=C double bond, whic...

Exothermic and Endothermic reactions refer to if the change in Enthalpy of a reaction is negative or positive respectively.
If a reaction is exothermic that means that enthalpy change is nega...

Complexes are formed through ligand binding (donation of a pair of electrons to the central metal atom), and the shape of the complexes is usually determined by steric factors - or how the ligands ...