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INITIATION: Br₂ --> 2Br ^. The breaking of the Br₂ bond from ultraviolet radiation forms two radicals, as one electron from the bond p...

You would add barium chloride solution to the sample to be tested. Group II sulfate solubility decreases down the group - with barium sulfate being insoluble. We would expect to see a heavy white precipit...

reaction conditions are reflux (ie with heat) with conc. sodium hydroxide. the mechanism is just a standard Sn1 or Sn2 (uni- or di- molecular nucleophilic substition) depending on the haloalkane used. bul...

The bond angle is 104.5 degrees. This is because of the pairs of electrons around the oxygen atom: it has 2 bonded pairs and 2 lone pairs. Lone pairs and bonded pairs of electrons repel each other. Howeve...

A catalyst can provide a different mechanism or pathway for a chemical reaction through stabalistion of the transition state. The catalyst will lower the activation energy of the reaction meaning a greate...