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The detail required for many A-level questions is indicated in the number of marks available. As this question awards 3 marks, 3 separate points must be made. For example, the first stage of a heterogeneo...
Proton: Relative Mass = 1, Relative Charge = +1Neutron: Relative Mass = 1, Relative Charge = 0Electron: Relative Mass = ~1/1870, Relative Charge = -1Isotopes vary in the number of neutrons and there...
Going across a period there is generally an increase in first ionisation energy. This is because there are more protons in each nucleus leading to a greater positive charge and stronger electrostatic forc...
The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one electron from an atom. Down a group, there are more electron shells surrounding the nucleus, which results in a greater shielding from the ...
Le Chatelier's principle states that the position of equilibrium will shift to oppose the change of conditions to a system. For example, if the temperature is increased the position of equilibrium will sh...
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