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Blood needs to circulate around the body in order to supply organs with nutrients and oxygen and to remove waste. Blood is oxygenated in small, one cell thick vessels in the lungs. These flow together to ...

A rise in body temperature will be detected by the thermoregulatory centres in the hypothalamus. When the core body temperature exceeds 37 degrees C the blood vessels will dilate and shunt vessels will co...

A mutation occurs in the genotype of an organism. This results in a beneficial phenotype being expressed. This organism now has a survival advantage. Therefore, it will live longer. This means it will hav...

DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning existing strands are used as templates for new strands. The DNA is separated (unwinds) by the enzyme helicase. This enzyme breaks the H bonds between nucleoti...

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transfer chain, resulting in the formation of H₂O. This is essential because without it, the electron transfer chain cannot function r...