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Cells are the smallest unit of life that make up every living thing. A typical animal cell is made up of a cell membrane, which maintains its structure and controls what goes in and out of the cell. Enclo...

Gene mutations arise due to errors in DNA replication and include insertion, deletion, substitution, inversion, duplication and translocation of bases. Each triplet of bases encodes one amino acid. Theref...

Both these processes involve the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. They are also both passive processes, so happen without the use of chemical energy. However,...

Proteins are amino acid polymers, joined by peptide bonds which are formed via condensation reactions. The primary structure is the order of amino acids, secondary structure is the folding of polypeptide ...

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is produced through the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Increased demands for electricity, heating and cars etc. means that more fossil fuels are...