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Proteins are amino acid polymers, joined by peptide bonds which are formed via condensation reactions. The primary structure is the order of amino acids, secondary structure is the folding of polypeptide ...

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is produced through the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Increased demands for electricity, heating and cars etc. means that more fossil fuels are...

Short answer: Dead and/or inactive pathogens. Explanation (also to a further question: "How does this prevent infection later?") : Pathogens are microorganisms...

Red blood cell arrives from the inferior vena cava into right atrium before it passes through the tricuspid valve into right ventricle. It then passes through the pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery bef...

Detect surounding stimuli. Convert that information to impulses and send to the brain.