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First of all we have to understand that there are concentration gradients between cells and the outside. A higher concentration of solute is when there is more solute (eg salt) ...

The heart has four chambers; the right ventricle and atrium, and the left ventricle and atrium. Deoxygenated blood, once it has travelled the entire body, enters the heart from the vena cava into the r...

The structure of proteins, especially those of enzymes, is extremely important in allowing them to carry out their duties in the cell and body. Protein folding needs to be specific, and repeated exactl...

During mitosis, one cell divides into two daughter cells.

First, the cell grows and doubles the amount of DNA (in human cells from 23 pairs of chromosomes to...