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Peristalsis is the mechanism by which gut muscles contract. There are two main types of muscle in the gut:

-longitudinal

-circular

Together, these muscles cont...

1) enzymes are biological catalysts that will speed up reactions by reducing activation energy for the reaction. 2) Lock and key theory concerns how the enzyme (lock) only forms a reactive complex with...

There are 3 key stages in filtration through the Kidney:

1. Firstly, blood is pushed through a tubular structure called the glomerulus - imagine a bowl of noodle...

At rest the membrane potential is -70mV.

This is due to the  Na⁺/K⁺ pump, which actively transports 3 Na⁺ ions out of th...

Enzymes are proteins that catalyse specific biological reactions in the body. These proteins have a specific 3D structure known as a teritary structure, with a specialised domain known as an 'active site'...