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The atomic radius of an atom is the distance from the atom's nucleus to its outermost electron. Moving across Period 3, the number of protons in the nucleus increases - for example sodium has 11 protons, ...

To form Al2O3 you need both Al and O2 (oxygen gas is a dimer):

Al + O2 -> Al2O3

But this equation is not balanced. To balance it, first equate the number of oxygen atoms:

Al + 3O2 ...

London dispersion forces. These arise because: 1. Electrons within the halogen molecule are constantly moving and at any one instant there is an uneven distribution of electrons within the molecule. 2. Th...

M_r of MgCl₂ = 24.3 + 2(35.5) = 95.3 Moles added = 2.11/95.3 = 0.02214 Mol of cl^-  added = 20.02214 = 0.04428 Conc = 0.04428/(3010^-3) = 1.48 moldm^-...

For an ionic substance to conduct electricity, its ions must be free to move. As such, it must be in a molten state or in solution. Solid ionic substances will not be able to conduct electricity.