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For a reaction to occur between particles (reactants) they must overcome an energy barrier. This is called the activation energy. A catalyst provides an alternative pathway for the reaction, that has a lo...
Covalent bonding involves the sharing of pairs of electrons. The atoms involved are non-metals such as carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. When these atoms join together they form molecu...
A covalent bond is formed by a shared pair of electrons between two atoms.
Calcium carbonate (limestone) is decomposed in order to form calcium oxide (quicklime) and carbon dioxide. The quicklime is then treated with water in order to give calcium hydroxide (slaked lime).
The reagents needed are sulphuric acid and nitric acid. It may be useful to notice that nitric acid here acts as a stoichiometric reagent, in that it is used up in the reaction to nitrate the toluene, but...
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