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The transition metals have five distinct orbitals in their third energy level. When bonded to a ligand these orbitals are separated into two groups located at two slightly different energy levels. The dif...

An exothermic reaction produces excess heat as the reactants turn to products. This means that the temperature of the glass flask would rise as the reaction occurs. The net change in energy during a react...

So firstly, we need to work out the basic shape of the molecule which we can do by drawing the lewis structure (dot and cross diagram) and counting the number of charge clouds around the central atom. In ...

Benzene has a delocalised pi system in which p orbitals of all carbon atoms overlap above and below the carbon ring. Alkenes, however, have localised pi-orbital overlaps between two carbon atoms. The elec...

Graphite consists of carbon atoms joined together. Since carbon has 4 unpaired electrons in it's outer shell, it can form a maximum of 4 covalent bonds by sharing each of it's unpaired electrons with anot...