How do you structure an essay?

This is an extremely subjective question; it really depends on the question as to how you structure the answer. However, the general rule is to structure the argument into two halves, with a pro-argument and a counter. Your counter should be your stronger argument, which you then should conclude with. There should be an introduction and a conclusion, and the introduction should "hook" the reader. Outline the argument you are going to make, and catch the examiner or reader's attention with a bold claim (although not too bold). Remember to challenge the premise in the question if you can, really engage with it, and always link back (even if it is at the end of your paragraphs) to make sure you are answering the question consistently.