To what extent is modern liberalism a departure from classical liberalism?

Modern liberalism can be considered a departure form classical liberalism due to their differing views of individual freedom. Classical liberals have a negative view of freedom, whereby the source of freedom merely comes from an absence of physical contraints upon the individual. Modern liberals however have a more positive view of freedom. Rather than a "freedom from constraints", liberal thinkers such as TH Green believe freedom should extend to allowing individuals to acheieve self fufilment and their potential. For example, classical liberals view of negative freedom does nothing to conquer the non physical constraint of poverty which can inhibit self fufilment. Postive freedom however seeks to address such factors in helping individuals to overcome such obstacles in attaining freedom.This in turn leads to modern liberals departing from classical liberals in their views of the role played by the state. Classical liberals believe the state's role in society should be minimal, and should serve merely as a "nightwatchman" as stated by John Locke. Here, state interference should be limited to prevent any infringement upon individuality, but should still exist to maintain an orderly existence. Modern liberals with their preference for positive freedom in turn have a preference for a more interventionist state. The state here should act as a veichle for the attainment of freedom, by allowing disadvantaged individuals the ability to grow and develop with equal opportunities better allowing for their attainment of self fufillment.

Answered by Harveer B. Politics tutor

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