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• Both dominant and recessive allele frequencies will remain constant assuming the absence of migration, mutation and selection• p² + 2pq + q² = 1• Where p=frequency of A/N; p=freque...

• Hydrogen bonds holding base pairs in the anti- parallel strands are broken by an enzyme; the two halves of the molecule separate • DNA unwinds and the strands separate; DNA polymerase catalyses the addi...

Describe the problems that arise due to cystic fibrosis • Produce thick, sticky mucus from epithelial cells lining certain passageways in body • Pancreatic duct becomes blocked preventing...

The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality. It is equal to 0 when there is no inequality (the economy's income is shared perfectly equally between all individuals) and up to 1 which is perfect inequa...

Consumer and producer surplus are shown by the basic demand and supply curve diagram. Drawing a dotted line from the equilibrium point to each of the axis allows us to show them. The consumer surplus is t...