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Crossing over is the process by which chromosomes are able to 'cross over' and exchange some of their genetic material during meiosis. The consequence of this is increase genetic diversity. Meiosis is the...

One limitation of using laboratory experiments in psychological studies is that the results of such experiments are likely to lack ecological validity and mundane realism. This means that because of the c...

The dominance approach focuses on the ways in which men were seen as controlling and dominating in mixed-sex interactions. Zimmerman and West (1975) found that 96% of all interruptions in mixed-sex conver...

The continuity hypothesis suggests that early relationship experiences continue in later adult relationships. Young children develop an 'internal working model' from their first relationship with their pr...

Classical conditioning occurs when a stimulus (UCS) that causes a reflex (UCR) is paired with another stimulus that normally has no effect. After pairing, the second stimulus (CS) causes the same response...