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Going down group 1 the period number increases. This means the number of shells increases, leading to a decrease in electrostatic attraction between the positive nucleus and outer most electrons. This wea...

Using the equation V=V₀e^-t/RC where RC is the time constant to be calculated: We know that the pd decreases by 80%, therefore the pd remaining, V is 0.2*V₀. Putting this i...

The first step is to recall the formula for arithmetic progressions: u(n) = a + (n-1)d We can then put all the information given in the question into this so u(12) = 66.5 = a + 11d and u(19) = 98 = a ...