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Firstly, the 'wave of excitation' is produced by the sinoatrial node (SAN) in the top of the right atrium - this is also known as the pacemaker, as this is what controls the rate of contractions. This wav...

df/dx = 4x - 2

turning point when differential = 0 

==>

4x = 2 hence;  x = 0.5

When x = 0.5 f(x) is equal to (substitute) 3.5

hence the turning point is at (0.5,3.5)<...

The island is 2km. If the scale is 1cm:500m we need to multiply both left and right sides by 4 to get to the 4cm that was measured. This gets us 4cm: 2000m . We now need to convert 2000m to km which gives...

This is because of the strong attractive electrostatic forces holding the oppositely charged ions together and a large number of ionic bonds in the crystal lattice. These require a lot of thermal energy t...

Ionic bonding occurs when a metal and non-metal react together. It involves the metal atom losing electrons from its outer shell to become a positive ion (as there are more positive protons in the nucleus...