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The different states at room temperature occur as a result of differences in the bonding and structure of chlorine and sodium chloride. In chlorine, there are covalent bonds between individual atoms which...

An atom has no overall charge because each element has the same number of protons and electrons. Protons have a +1 charge, and electrons have a -1 charge, these charges cancel out if there is the same amo...

When water freezes into ice, the H₂O molecules form Hydrogen bonds between each other and arrange themselves into an open lattice structure. This causes the molecules in ice to be further apart...

This question should be answered with reference to a number of factors, which should be laid out and clearly signposted in the introduction. The key factors to discuss are:

1. Protestant Uls...

Firstly, the intercostal muscles contract. This causes the ribcage to move upwards and outwards. The diaphragm also contracts. This all has the combined effect of increasing the volume of the lungs. As a ...