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Vaccination is an important method used in healthcare to prevent people from getting certain diseases. Vaccines contain a dead or weakened (attenuated) form of a pathogen, and the immune system res...

When asked to rationalise simple Surd (square roots that cannot be reduced to a whole number) fractions in the form a/√b we are aiming to remove the surd in the denominator (bottom).----------------------...

• down group 2 the number of protons increases therefore the nuclear charge increases (protons are found in the nucelus and have a +1 charge)

• the number of shielding electrons ...

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method of DNA amplification in vitro. It consists of 3 stages - denaturation, annealing and extending. PCR relies on the use of a thermophilic Taq polymerase en...

Introns and exons are parts of genes - exons code for proteins, whereas introns do not, ie: exons are converted into messenger RNA to allow these parts of the gene to then be transcribed into protein. ...