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Atoms of the same element possessing the same numbers of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.

As we go from Li to F, atomic radius of the atoms will DECREASE. This is due to increased nuclear charge (number of protons within each atom). Although the number of electrons also increases, each addi...

The key point to recognise here is that an object undergoing a circular orbit around the Earth is undergoing circular motion. Circular motion is caused by a centripetal force (acting towards the centre...

The Cursus Honorum

The Cursus Honorum or “course of offices” was the “greasy pole” of the Roman political world. It was designed for men of senatorial rank. It sp...

When astronomers discovered Pluto in 1930, they were excited to announce it as the 9th planet in the solar system. The problem is, back then we didn't know that Pluto is just one of many objects floati...