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Generation of a Resting Potential
▪ The sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ pump) maintains the electrochemical gradient of t...
Arteries have a thick outer layer of longitudinal collagen and elastic fibers to avoid leaks and bulges. They have a thick wall, which is essential to withstand the high pressures.
The heart muscle can contract by itself, without the stimulation of a nerve. This is called myogenic muscle contraction.
The region that initiates each contraction is found in the wa...
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a common problem. It results from the transfer of a gene that gives resistance to a specific antibiotic usually by means of a plasmid to a bacterium. Some bacteria...
· Changes in arctic conditions (arctic ice cap may disappear, permafrost will melt during the summer)
· As the ice melts, sea ...
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