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Imagine the reaction A + B <-> C+D where the forward reaction is exothermic. If we increase the temperature of the surroundings, the equilibrium is going to shift to the direction that reduces the t...

In platyhelminthes digestion is both intracellular and extracellular whereas in annelida and chordata digestion is completely extracellular.

4^(n)-1 factors to (2^(n)-1)(2^(n)+1) by difference of two squares by definition of a prime (only has factors 1 and itself (given that itself isn't 1))So Exactly one of the brackets should = 1 for 4^(n)-1...