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Classical conditioning occurs when a stimulus (UCS) that causes a reflex (UCR) is paired with another stimulus that normally has no effect. After pairing, the second stimulus (CS) causes the same response...

Let A by any 2 by 2 matrix and the top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right entries be a, b, c and d respectively. The determinant for matrix A would be ad-bc.

EXPOSURE!Listen to French radio (there are plenty of apps for that).Watch French films - if you struggle with comprehension, stick on the French subtitles. If that's still to difficult, t...

One strength of the biological approach is that it has real-life application. For example, a modern understanding of biochemical processes within the brain has led to the development of psychoactive drugs...

Kekule structure advantages: Useful for mechanistic understanding, can push arrows to advise likely regiochemistry. Disadvantages: ignores aromatic stablisation, drawn structure much higher energy than ac...