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Respiration is the process which cells use to produce energy and happens in the mitochondria of the cells. Almost every cell carries out respiration. There are 4 main stages to respiration - glycolysis, t...

Action potentials are only initiated when depolarization above a certain level occurs, this level is known as the 'threshold potential'. 'Vm' is the resting membrane potential (voltage) and the depolarizi...

A virus is a pathogen which contains antigens on its cell surface. These antigens are detected and digested by macrophages. The two pathways involved in the detected and elimination of the virus is the ce...

(A) express 4^x in terms of y given that 2^x = y. we know that 2² = 4....

Bromine is molecular, existing as Br2 molecules, wheras magnesium is metallic and therefore exists in a large macromolecular structure. In bromine there are strong INTERmolecular covalent bonds, but only ...