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(Answer supplemented with whiteboard annotations) As previously mentioned at GCSE, the sugarphosphate backbone is formed by a condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one DNA molecule and the ...

 u = Cos(x³)

To differentiate this function we will use the chain rule. Firstly we will set x³  to another variable name such as v. So now v = x³ . Lets differentia...

Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell, a pair in the 2s and two unpaired electrons in the 2p. For covalent bonds to form, each atom must donate one unpaired electron. Carbon makes four bonds because i...

When a pluton (essentially a large pocket of magma) intrudes into rock, the heat from the pluton 'bakes' the surrounding rock- remember that heating a rock to high temperatures will initiate contact metam...

The atomic radii of an atom is essentially the distance from the centre of the nucleus to the outer shell of electrons- so atoms that are very small and have a small distance from the nucleus to the outer...