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The best way to approach this is to skim-read the piece first, highlighting/making a note of what you think are the most important concepts or issues raised. Don't stress if you don't understand some of t...

Vertcal component of velocity: 20Sin(30)

Rearrange suvat equation for t in terms of u, a, s

t is the time in the air and is what we want, u is 20sin(30), a is -9.81 (negative since gravity p...

The 5 conditions are: Large population, rnadom mating, no mutations, no migration (immegration or emmigration from the population) and no natural selection. If all those conditions are met it states that ...

When lactose is absent the lac operon is switched off. This is becasue a repressor protein is produced which binds to the operator region. This prevetns RNA polymerase from binding to the operon and there...

We know from trigonmetric identities that cos(2x) = 2cos^2(x) -1, therefore cos^2(x) = 0.5(1+cos(2x)).

Subbing this in gives the following integrand: 0.5(1+cos(2x))sin(2x).

We can now split ...