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There are three main ways that an invading pathogen can result in disease:

Damage or destroy host cells

This is host specific and ligands on the pathogen mus...

Mass spectrometry is a technique we use to analyse and determine the structure of compound. Generally, it works by injecting your compound into an ionisation chamber, ...

First, recall that tan(x) can be rewritten in terms of sine and cosine.

tan(x) = sin(x)/cos(x)

The rephrasing of our question suggests that we should try the substitution ru...

In most instances where English uses the definite article, French does too. However, it has some special uses in French, which I shall explain below.

1) Must be used with all abstract nou...

Blood glucose is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism. 

When blood glucose levels rise, this is detected by beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. In response, the...