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The vaccine contains parts of the pathogen that are recognised by the immune system, these are called antigens. The antigen is recognised by innate immune cells such as macrophages that will engulf the pa...

Non competitive inhibitor binds to allosteric site of the enzyme (does not bind to the active site of the enzyme).
This binding alters the tertiary structure of the protein meaning that the active si...

His heart rate increases as his cellular demand for oxygen increases and the amount of carbon dioxide in his blood increases, this is due to an increase in the rate respiration because of increased ATP de...

Enzymes would have different sequence of amino acids and therefore different primary structure. This would result in different shape of a protein ie their tertiary or, if present, quaternary structure.

Electrons travel down the electron transport chain via electron carriers at successively lower energy levels. This causes protons to be pumped into the intermembranal space, establishing an electrochemica...