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The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer. Phospholipids are molecules with a hydrophilic (water loving) tail. And a hydrophobic (water repelling) tail. The cell environme...
The bowman's capsule, Proximal convoluted tuble, loop of Henle (descending and ascending lims), distal convolued tubule and the collecting duct. The descending limb is permeable to water. The ascending li...
Double-helix DNA strands are separated by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. One strand acts as a template strand which complementary bases bind to (adenine to uracil, thymine to ade...
The arrival of a nerve impulse at a synapse causes Ca2+ channels to open (1 mark). Ca2+ ions enter the presynaptic knob by facilitated diffusion (1 mark). The presence of Ca2+ ions causes synaptic vesicle...
There are two types of inhibitors. Competitive inhibitors have a similar tertiary structure to the substrate and so can bind temporarily to the enzyme’s active site. This blocks the active site meaning th...
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