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Excess nitrates and phosphates are water soluble and enter rivers/lakes/waterway due to leaching.Algae in the water use the increased level of ions for growth. This is called Algal bloom.Build up of algae...

The steps are as follows:The desired gene is isolated by 'cutting' it out using a restriction enzyme. The same restriction enzyme is then used to 'cut' a vector (plasmid or virus). These can either be lef...

To test for presence of lipids, you use an emulsion test.First, crush the seen to release the contents.Next, add ethanol and shake.Then add water and shake again.If lipids are present in the seed, the mix...

Firstly, the double stranded helical structure of the DNA is unwound by an enzyme called DNA helicase. This process of separation requires the breaking of the hydrogen bonds which link the base pairs. Aft...

Both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have a cell surface membrane and contain cytoplasm and ribosomes. However, eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles, such as mitochondria, nuclei, endop...