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The vaccine contains weakened or dead antigens (from MMR). These antigens are displayed on antigen-presenting cells which are detected by a specific helper T cell. This stimulates a specific B cell which ...

Transpiration is the evaporation of water through open stomata, occurring down the water potential gradient.Factors affecting the rate of transpiration:Light intensity - more stomata will be open to take ...

Blood enters the glomerulus from the afferent arteriole at a very high pressure, so the hydrostatic pressure forces the contents of the blood out of the blood vessels, into the Bowman's capsule. However, ...

(i) In the breakdown of glucose 4 ATP is produced, however 2 ATP are used leaving a net gain of 2 ATP.(ii) In the energy investment stage, 2 ATP molecules are used to phosphorylate glucose into fructose d...

Diffusion and osmosis both involve the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration, down a concentration gradient. The key difference between the two, is that osmosis concerns t...