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A reflex occurs when movement is produced without conscious thought. They can therefore be described as autonomic and produce movement faster than voluntary movements (which do require conscious thought)....

Start by stating the function of the lungs: gas exchangenext go though the adaptations, with the number of available marks guiding the number of adaptations ~ 1 per mark
Fick's law of diffusion state...

A genetic mutation, defined as being a change in the DNA base sequence would lead to a change in the primary structure of a protein (a change in the amino acid sequence). This would lead to a change in th...

High Hydrostatic Pressure at the Arteriole end of the capillary.
This pushes water and other small molecules out of the capillary into the extra cellular space, whilst proteins stay in the capillary ...

The action potential has been propagated along the axon of the neuron causing the depolarisation of the membrane. When this action potential reaches the end of the neuron, or the synapse, it also depolari...