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First it is important to establish what a species is. A species is a population of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring; meaning they are reproductively isolated from other s...

In DNA replication, first the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases are broken catalysed by the enzyme helicase, causing the DNA double helix to unwind and unzip, leaving the nitrogenous bases expo...

White cell (macrophage/neutrophil) detects bacteria antigen by binding to cell surface receptorsWhite cell engulfs bacteria (this is endocytosis), bacteria is held in a phagosome Lysosomes enter phagosome...

Located at the base of the hypothalamus is the pituitary gland which contains osmoreceptor cells that sense the solute potential of the blood and release ADH in response to changes of the solute potential...

The small intestine contains microvilli which increase the surface area of the membrane. It also has a rich blood supply, this maintains the concentration gradient. The small intestine has a membrane whic...