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The refractory period means that another action potential cannot be generated.This is important as it allows the action potential to not propagate back but reset via the sodium-potassium pump, to restore ...
Temperature: An increase in temperature increases diffusion rate. Concentration gradient (difference in concentration): A greater concentration gradient increases diffusion rate. Surface area of a membran...
If osmosis is the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane, then chemiosmosis is the same, but for chemicals. Let's consider the mitochondria, which has a double membrane envelope, and let'...
Protein digestion begins in the stomach by the secretion of gastric juice, a combination of Hydrochloric acid and the enzyme Pepsin. Food then passes into the duodenum, or small intestine, where pepsin wo...
A common misunderstanding is to think that evolution results from a species changing to be better adapted to its environment. Evolution is actually the result of environmental pressures selecting differen...
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