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The sequence of bases (a gene) on DNA determines the order of amino acids that come together to form a polypeptide (protein) chain.

The DNA is 'unzipped' by enzymes called Helicases. This...

With a narrowed (stenosed) AV valve it is more difficult (requires more pressure) for the blood to pass from atrium to ventricle. The blood pressure in the atria is increased.

This means ...

An artificial pacemaker would generate regular electrical impulses in the atria.

The regular electical impulses from the pacemaker are stronger than the irregular impulses from the SAN, t...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal condition of the heart.

In AF, irregular electrical impulses in the walls of the atria interrupt the normal regular impulses from the SAN.

Ok, so complementary base pairing occurs within DNA -- cytosine and guanine, adenine and thymine. So if there is 30 bases of cytosine then there MUST be 30 bases of guanine which then equals 60. So to ...