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Primary source questions in exam papers are asking you to give your own interpretation on history itself, rather than just reciting knowledge from a textbook. Contextual knowledge is always very important...

Translating a sentence can be easy if you take it in simple steps! We will translate the sentence 'Julius suo servo pecuniam dedit'. We should begin by finding the verb. If you have learnt to conjugate ve...

‘Vox Populi, vox dei’. So declared the title page of one of a number of anti-Marian tracts published by Edward Norton in 1570, painting the Catholic threat as an assault on the common good. Anti-Catholic ...

DNA replication is semi-conservative and occurs in the 5' to 3' direction. In the lagging strand it is discontinuous (forming Okazaki fragments) and in the leading strand it is continuous.
1) First,...

At the first proton pump and associated electron carrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane reduced NAD releases two H⁺ ions and two electrons. An electron travels down a series of electron ca...