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Describe how the Meselsohn- Stahl experiment was set up. • Culture E. Coli for several generations with amino acids containing 15N. Incorporate 15N into DNA • 15N bacteria washed and tran...

Describe how bacteria are used to genetically modify crops.• Certain bacteria (Agrobacterium) can cause plant cells to multiply and form tumours by inserting plasmid DNA into genome of pl...

• DNA not copied properly before cell division: mistakes in copying; small errors - gene/point mutations • Chromosomes damaged/break: usually repair; but may repair incorrectly - large changes in may gene...

General tipsIt’s important that you don’t do too much. Better to a few things well than spread yourself too thin so that you’re overly grilled in interview. My recommendation is pick mayb...

Step 1) Create the formula: 8000 x 1.015ⁿStep 2) Equate to the target value: 8000 x 1.015ⁿ = 2000 10000 (Common mistake is to use target of £2000 ...