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Action potentials are only initiated when depolarization above a certain level occurs, this level is known as the 'threshold potential'. 'Vm' is the resting membrane potential (voltage) and the depolarizi...

A virus is a pathogen which contains antigens on its cell surface. These antigens are detected and digested by macrophages. The two pathways involved in the detected and elimination of the virus is the ce...

The structure of plant and animal cells is generally similar since they are both eukaryotic cells. They contain many of the same organelles including but not limited to the nucleus, mitochondria and the e...

(A) express 4^x in terms of y given that 2^x = y. we know that 2² = 4....

"In Athens, (people) teach and advise the children with care."