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Exothermic and Endothermic reactions refer to if the change in Enthalpy of a reaction is negative or positive respectively.
If a reaction is exothermic that means that enthalpy change is nega...

Complexes are formed through ligand binding (donation of a pair of electrons to the central metal atom), and the shape of the complexes is usually determined by steric factors - or how the ligands ...

1. We the answer in question in the form A(1+B)^0.5 and we can do that by factorising out the 5. This gives 5^0.5(1+0.4x)^0.5. 2. Identify the formula we are going to use ...

The first ionisation energy of an element is the amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron. This increases across the peroid as there is an increase in proton number so higher nuclear cha...

Rate of reaction is determined by the number of successful collisions between the reactants per second. A collision is successful if two particles collide with enough energy to react. This can be affected...