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Fixed interval: The presentation of a reward after a fixed amount of time (e.g., $1 every hour) Fixed ratio: The presentation of a reward after a fixed amount of effort (e.g., $1 every 5 questions answer...

Operant conditioning is where one is able to change the behaviour of another person or animal using reinforcement and punishment. The term was used by Skinner (1938) who demonstrated that when rats are po...

The decision rule with act utilitarianism is ‘perform the action that results in the maximum sum of utility from those available when making the decision’. By contrast rule utilitarianism offers the revis...

y = 4x^3 - 5/x^2 Easier to differentiate the 2nd term if it isn't written as a fraction so first rewrite y: y = 4x^3 - 5x^(-2) Then differentiate each term by multiplying each term by the current power of...

To write this sum as a single fraction we need to put both of them over a common denominator. Our common denominator will be the simplest thing that has both 3 and 5 as a factor, which is 15 (x-2)/3 + (x+...