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The primary equation in this calculation is rho = RA/L Where rho is resistivity, A is cross sectional area, L is length, and R is resistance

The resistance and length are given in the question. Res...

You should not be put off by the algebraic letters used, substituting x's for z's is absolutely fine. For the first part of the question, since the equation involves the product of two terms, there are tw...

Referendums are a form of direct democracy that are currently advisory in the UK - the government can therefore choose to ignore the majority outcome. In terms of enhancing democracy, there are several li...

Balancing the centripetal force mv^2/r with the force experienced due to motion in a magnetic field qvB: m = qBr/v = qBC/2piv (C circumference). Putting in numbers: m = 1.83e-23 kg (~11,000 mass of proton...

split the integral into (x^4)/(x^2) and (3x)/(x^2) which becomes x^2 and 3*(1/x). These can now be integrated separately and added together after the integration.

first integral: raise the power fo...