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Mitosis is the division of one cells contents to either side of the cell in preparation for cytokinesis which is the splitting of one cell into two identical, diploid, daughter cells. The four stages of m...

The link reaction occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. In the first step, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are removed from two pyruvate molecules, producing two acetyl groups. The hydrogen removed is transferr...

Natural selection: Mutations (e.g. of pigment gene, and of regulatory genes) creating variability between members of the same species. Selection pressure of prey availability - Selection pressures are ext...

Food enters the mouth and is digested mechanically and chemically. Mechanical digestion is chewing (mastication) by the teeth and breaks the food into smaller pieces. Chemical digestion is by salivary amy...

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms (e.g. bacteria) which lack any membrane bound organelles. Thus, they are anuclear (have no nucleus) and their DNA is circular and found in the nucleoid area of the ...