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Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the heart via the superior & inferior vena cavae. The atria contract and the right atrioventricular valve opens, allowing the blood to enter the right ven...

An action potential arrives at synaptic knob. This causes voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels to open, resulting in an influx of Ca2+ ions diffusing into the synaptic knob. This then causes vesicles containin...

Semi-conservative replication refers to replication of DNA in which the newly produced DNA molecules will contain 1 strand from the original DNA and a another strand that had been newly synthesised. In or...

The sliding filament theory demonstrates how the muscles in our body contract. As a signal reaches the neuromuscular junction (motor end plate), neurotransmitters such as Acetylcholine will diffuse across...

Structure of the protein is easier to understand if we start from the beginning and gradually build up our knowledge. Firstly, proteins are made of amino acids. Each amino acid is made of a central carbon...