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Acid in stomach kills pathogens in food.Skin creates a barrier that microorganisms cannot enter through.Hairs in nose and ears that trap microorganisms.Mucus and cilia in the trachea and bronchi that trap...

You need to have some basic knowledge of nucleotide structure before trying to understand the answer below. First of all, DNA contains thousands of genes. Each gene codes for specific proteins (The ‘code’...

They both change the allele frequency, and both select against less well adapted phenotypes. Extremes are eliminated in stabilising selection, whereas intermediates are eliminated in disruptive selection....

In a point mutation, a single base is substituted, inserted, or deleted. This changes the sequence of amino acids in ATP synthase. This changes the tertiary structure of ATP synthase. ATP synthase is used...

The rate of reaction typically increases with temperature, as heat provides kinetic energy and more substrate-enzyme collisions. however, going above a certain temperature will cause enzymes to denature a...